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The Pearl of the Mediterranean

Discover the rich heritage of Alexandria, a city where ancient wonders, Greek and Roman monuments, and modern marvels meet along the beautiful Mediterranean coast. Click the sections below to explore its fascinating history.

  • Alexandria was founded in 331 BCE by Alexander the Great, who envisioned it as a great center of commerce and culture due to its excellent natural harbor.

  • Following his death, Ptolemy I Soter made Alexandria the capital of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, transforming it into one of the ancient world's greatest cities.

  • The Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), built in the 3rd century BC, stood over 100 meters tall and guided ships safely into the harbor as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

 

  • The ancient Library of Alexandria was the ancient world's greatest center of knowledge, housing hundreds of thousands of scrolls on science, philosophy, and history.

  • To revive this intellectual spirit, the modern Bibliotheca Alexandrina was officially opened in 2002 near the ancient library's original site.

  • Today, this advanced library serves as an international center for education and dialogue, featuring millions of books, museums, and art galleries.

  • The Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa, dating back to the 2nd century AD, are a vast underground cemetery that uniquely combines Egyptian, Greek, and Roman artistic styles.

  • The Roman Theater is the only one of its kind discovered in Egypt, featuring thirteen rows of marble seats originally used for performances and public gatherings.

  • Pompey’s Pillar is a massive red granite column standing 27 meters high, erected around 300 AD in honor of the Roman Emperor Diocletian, not the general Pompey.

  • The Citadel of Qaitbay was built in 1477 AD by Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaitbay to protect the city from naval attacks.

  • Constructed from limestone, this impressive fortress stands on the exact location of the destroyed ancient Lighthouse.

  • Montazah Palace was built in 1892 by Khedive Abbas II as a summer residence for the royal family, combining Ottoman and Florentine architecture surrounded by magnificent gardens.